ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL COST EFFECTIVE DUMPS | ISTQB-CTFL EXAM VCE FREE

ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Cost Effective Dumps | ISTQB-CTFL Exam Vce Free

ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Cost Effective Dumps | ISTQB-CTFL Exam Vce Free

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ISTQB-Foundation Level Exam Sample Questions (Q193-Q198):

NEW QUESTION # 193
Which of the following is an example of black-box dynamic testing?

  • A. Coverage analysis
  • B. Code inspection
  • C. Checking memory leaks for a program by executing it
  • D. Functional Testing

Answer: D

Explanation:
Functional testing is an example of black-box dynamic testing. Black-box testing (also known as specification-based testing) is a type of testing that does not consider the internal structure or implementation of the system under test, but rather its external behavior or functionality. Dynamic testing is a type of testing that involves executing the system under test with various inputs and observing its outputs. Functional testing is a type of black-box dynamic testing that verifies that the system under test performs its intended functions according to its requirements or specifications. Functional testing can be performed at various levels and scopes depending on the objectives and criteria of testing. The other options are not examples of black-box dynamic testing. Code inspection is an example of white-box static testing. White-box testing (also known as structure-based testing) is a type of testing that considers the internal structure or implementation of the system under test. Static testing is a type of testing that does not involve executing the system under test, but rather analyzing it for defects, errors, or violations of standards. Code inspection is a type of white-box static testing that involves examining the source code of the system under test for quality, readability, maintainability, etc.
Checking memory leaks for a program by executing it is an example of white-box dynamic testing. Memory leaks are defects that occur when a program fails to release memory that it has allocated but no longer needs.
Checking memory leaks for a program by executing it requires knowledge and access to the internal structure or implementation of the program, such as memory allocation and deallocation mechanisms, pointers, references, etc. Coverage analysis is an example of white-box static testing. Coverage analysis is a technique that measures how much of the code or structure of the system under test has been exercised by a test suite.
Coverage analysis requires knowledge and access to the internal structure or implementation of the system under test, such as statements, branches, paths, conditions, etc. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 7.


NEW QUESTION # 194
Which of the following issues cannot be identified by static analysis tools?

  • A. Very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)
  • B. Security vulnerabilities
  • C. Referencing a variable with an undefined value
  • D. Potentially endless loops

Answer: A

Explanation:
Static analysis tools are software tools that examine the source code of a program without executing it. They can detect various types of issues, such as syntax errors, coding standards violations, security vulnerabilities, and potential bugs12. However, static analysis tools cannot identify issues that depend on the runtime behavior or performance of the program, such as very low MTBF (Mean Time Between failure)3. MTBF is a measure of the reliability of a system or component. It is calculated by dividing the total operating time by the number of failures. MTBF reflects how often a system or component fails during its expected lifetime. Static analysis tools cannot measure MTBF because they do not run the program or observe its failures. MTBF can only be estimated by dynamic testing, which involves executing the program under various conditions and collecting data on its failures4. Therefore, very low MTBF is an issue that cannot be identified by static analysis tools. The other options, such as potentially endless loops, referencing a variable with an undefined value, and security vulnerabilities, are issues that can be identified by static analysis tools. Static analysis tools can detect potentially endless loops by analyzing the control flow and data flow of the program and checking for conditions that may never become false5. Static analysis tools can detect referencing a variable with an undefined value by checking the scope and initialization of variables and reporting any use of uninitialized variables6. Static analysis tools can detect security vulnerabilities by checking for common patterns of insecure code, such as buffer overflows, SQL injections, cross-site scripting, and weak encryption. Reference = What Is Static Analysis? Static Code Analysis Tools - Perforce Software, How Static Code Analysis Works | Perforce, Static Code Analysis: Techniques, Top 5 Benefits & 3 Challenges, What is MTBF? Mean Time Between Failures Explained | Perforce, Static analysis tools - Software Testing MCQs - CareerRide, ISTQB_Chapter3 | Quizizz, [Static Code Analysis for Security Vulnerabilities | Perforce].


NEW QUESTION # 195
Which of the following BEST explains a drawback of independent testing?

  • A. An independent test team may possess specializations in specific test types such as usability or security which detract from the overall effectiveness of the test team
  • B. An independent test team may be isolated from the rest of the development and project team
  • C. Due to their differing backgrounds and perspectives, an independent test team may discover defects which the developers did not uncover
  • D. Having the business organization participate as an independent test team can hurt the overall testing effort since business participants are often not trained nor experienced in testing

Answer: B

Explanation:
Independent testing offers several advantages, such as unbiased testing and detection of different defects.
However, a drawback is that an independent test team may be isolated from the development team and project team. This can lead to communication gaps, reduced collaboration, and a lack of understanding of the project context.
According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) syllabus v4.0, an independent test team may not have the same level of understanding of the system as the development team, leading to potential issues in communication and integration (ISTQB not-for-profit association).
References:
* Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0
* ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 4.0 (2023)


NEW QUESTION # 196
Whichofthe following options cover the test types performed during typical system testing phase:
I. Usability
II Requirements based scenarios
III Testing parts of the code in isolation
IV Correct order of parameters in API calls

  • A. III. IV
  • B. I. II
  • C. II. IV
  • D. I, Ill

Answer: B

Explanation:
System testing is a level of testing performed to evaluate the behavior and quality of a whole software product or system. System testing can include various types of testing, such as:
* I) Usability testing: A type of testing that evaluates how easy, efficient and satisfying it is to use the software product or system from the user's perspective.
* II) Requirements based scenarios testing: A type of testing that verifies that the software product or system meets its specified requirements or user stories by executing realistic scenarios or workflows.
System testing does not include the following types of testing, as they are more suitable for lower levels of testing, such as unit testing or integration testing:
* III) Testing parts of the code in isolation: A type of testing that verifies the functionality and quality of individual software components or units by isolating them from other components or units.
* IV) Correct order of parameters in API calls: A type of testing that verifies the functionality and quality of software components or units that communicate with each other through application programming interfaces (APIs) by checking the correct order and format of parameters in API calls. Verified References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 2, page 20-21; Chapter 4, page 34-35.


NEW QUESTION # 197
An alphanumeric password must be between 4 and 7 characters long and must contain at least one numeric character, one capital (uppercase) letter and one lowercase letter of the alphabet.
Which one of the following sets of test cases represents the correct outcome of a two-value boundary value analysis applied to the password length? (Note: test cases are separated by a semicolon)

  • A. 1xA;aB11;Pq1ZZab;7iDD0a1x
  • B. aB11;99rSp:5NnN10;7iDD0a1x
  • C. 1xB: aB11: 99rSp: 5NnN10; 4NnN10T; 44ghWn19
  • D. 1RhT;rSp53;3N3e10;8sBdby

Answer: D

Explanation:
The correct outcome of a two-value boundary value analysis applied to the password length is the set of test cases represented by option D. Boundary value analysis is a test design technique that focuses on the values at the boundaries of an equivalence partition, such as the minimum and maximum values, or the values just above and below the boundaries. A two-value boundary value analysis uses two values for each boundary, one representing the valid value and one representing the invalid value. For example, if the valid range of values is from 4 to 7, then the two values for the lower boundary are 3 and 4, and the two values for the upper boundary are 7 and 8. The test cases in option D use these values for the password length, while also satisfying the other requirements of the password, such as containing at least one numeric character, one capital letter, and one lowercase letter. The test cases in option D are:
* 1RhT: a 4-character password that is valid
* rSp53: a 5-character password that is valid
* 3N3e10: a 6-character password that is valid
* 8sBdby: an 8-character password that is invalid The test cases in the other options are incorrect, because they either use values that are not at the boundaries of the password length, or they do not meet the other requirements of the password. For example, the test cases in option A are:
* 1xA: a 3-character password that is invalid, but it does not contain a capital letter
* aB11: a 4-character password that is valid
* Pq1ZZab: a 7-character password that is valid
* 7iDD0a1x: an 8-character password that is invalid References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.2.1, Black-box Test Design Techniques1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Boundary Value Analysis, Equivalence Partition2


NEW QUESTION # 198
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